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Jon Stewart Ph.d.,
Dr. habil. theol. & phil.
Institute of Philosophy Slovak Academy of Sciences |
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Forthcoming Publications Recent Publications News Recent Events New
Editor for Philosophy Series Published by Brill
Studies in the History of Western Philosophy Series: Value Inquiry Book Series Editor: Jon Stewart Today
research in the history of
Western philosophy is a global phenomenon. The series
features the work of
leading scholars from the different subfields, regardless
of where they are
found in the world. Philosophy is a discipline
substantially enriched by a
broad dialogue of perspectives that transcend the local
contexts – the Studies
in the History of Western Philosophy series provides a
forum for this dialogue.
The series also strives to showcase the modern importance
and relevance of the
history of Western philosophy to pressing issues of our
day. This series seeks
single-author monographs and collected-author volumes that
demonstrate that the
texts, figures and debates from the history of the Western
tradition are still
very much alive in the academic field of philosophy, and
in many areas beyond
its conventional boundaries. First
volume of the series under the new editorship:
 Modern and Postmodern Crises of Symbolic Structures: Essays in Philosophical Anthropology Edited by Peter Šajda Forthcoming in 2021 In
debates about philosophical anthropology human beings have
been defined in different ways. In Modern and
Postmodern Crises of Symbolic
Structures, the contributors view the human being
primarily as animal
symbolicum. They examine how the human being
creates, interprets and
changes symbolic structures, as well as how he is affected
and impacted by
them. The focus lies on the context of modernity and
postmodernity, which is
characterized by a number of interrelated crises of
symbolic structures. These
crises have affected the realms of science, religion, art,
politics and
education, and thus provoked crucial changes in the human
being’s relations to
himself, others and reality. The crises are not viewed
merely as manifestations
of dysfunctions, but rather as complex processes of
transformation that also
provide new opportunities. Download Recent Articles  "Hegel’s
Philosophy of Religion as a Phenomenology," in Filozofia,
vol. 75, no. 5, 2020, pp. 386-400."The
Crisis of the Danish Golden Age as the Problem of
Nihilism," in The
Crisis of the Danish Golden Age and Its Modern
Resonance, edited by Jon Stewart and Nathaniel
Kramer, Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press 2020 (Danish
Golden Age Studies, vol. 12), pp. 123-168.
“Hegel’s
Theory of the Emergence of Subjectivity and the
Conditions for the Development of Human Rights,"
Filozofia, vol. 74, no. 6, 2019, pp. 456-471.
“Kierkegaard as a Thinker of Alienation,” Kierkegaard Studies Yearbook, 2019, pp. 193-216. For more downloadable articles click here.
Forthcoming books: Hegel’s Century: Alienation and Recognition in a Time of Revolution
Cambridge:
Cambridge
University Press 2021 Many
students
who attended Hegel’s lectures in Berlin in the 1820s
recalled with nostalgia in later life the stimulating
intellectual environment that radiated from the ideas they
heard in his lecture hall. This atmosphere still existed a
decade after his death, as zealous students continued to
flock to Berlin to study with Hegel’s students in the
1840s. Over the coming decades these students would come
to constitute the leading lights in Continental philosophy
in the nineteenth century: Feuerbach, Bauer, Kierkegaard,
Engels, Marx, Bakunin, and others. The present work is an
introduction to the history of this development. It takes
as its point of departure two concepts that originated in
Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit, namely,
alienation and recognition. Hegel’s students of both the
first and the second generation all appropriated these
concepts, among others, and applied them indifferent
contexts. It is argued that the broad constellation of
problems surrounding these rich ideas can be seen as
providing a central theme of philosophy in the nineteenth
century. The work also sketches how these concepts
constituted a broader cultural phenomenon as they spilled
over into a number of other fields as well, including
religion, politics, literature, and drama. Later in the
twentieth century they were also taken up in the then
budding social sciences, especially sociology and
psychology. These concepts thus represent a key element in
the nineteenth century’s contribution to the history of
philosophy. ________________________
An
Introduction
to Hegel’s Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion: This work attempts to give a basic introduction to Hegel’s religious thinking by seeing it against the backdrop of the main religious trends in his own day that he was responding to, specifically, the Enlightenment and Romanticism. The study provides an account of the criticism of religion by key Enlightenment thinkers such as Voltaire, Lessing, Hume, and Kant. This is followed by an analysis of how the Romantic thinkers, such as Rousseau, Jacobi and Schleiermacher, responded to these challenges. For Hegel, the views of these thinkers from both the Enlightenment and Romanticism tended to empty religion of its content. The goal that he sets for his own philosophy of religion is to restore this lost content. A detailed account is given of Hegel’s Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion with an eye to the issue of the content of religious faith. It is argued that the basic ideas of the Enlightenment and Romanticism are still present today and that this remains an important issue for both academics and non-academics, regardless of their religious orientation. ________________________ Forthcoming articles: ▪
“The
Office of Philosophy: The Dialectic of Theory and
Practice,” forthcoming in Intempestivas.
Filosofía, psicoanálisis y cultura, 2020. ▪
“Hegel’s
“note of discord”: The Cultural Crisis and the Inspiration
for Heiberg’s On
the Significance of Philosophy for the Present Age,”
forthcoming in Scandinavian
Studies, 2020. Check
out the new article:
“What is
it to be Human? The Dominance of Subjectivity,” in
the online journal Aeon
(2
November, 2020):
 ________________________
The
Palgrave Handbook of German Idealism and Existentialism
Edited by Jon
Stewart Basingstoke
and New York: Palgrave Macmillan 2020
This Handbook explores the complex relations between two great schools of continental philosophy: German idealism and existentialism. While the existentialists are commonly thought to have rejected idealism as overly abstract and neglectful of the concrete experience of the individual, the chapters in this collection reveal that the German idealists in fact anticipated many key existentialist ideas. A radically new vision of the history of continental philosophy is thereby established, one that understands existentialism as a continuous development from German idealism. ________________________
Oxford:
Oxford University Press 2020
This
work presents a philosophical
analysis of the development of Western Civilization from
antiquity to the
Middle Ages. It traces the various self-conceptions of the
different cultures
from ancient Mesopotamia to Medieval Christendom. The
thesis is that as human
civilization took its first tenuous steps, it had a very
limited conception of
the individual. Instead, the dominant principle was the
wider group: the
family, clan or people. Only in the course of history did
the idea of
individuality begin to emerge. The conception of human
beings as having an
inner sphere of subjectivity subsequently had a sweeping
impact on all aspects
of culture and largely constitutes what is today referred
to as modernity. ________________________ The
Crisis of the Danish Golden Age and Its Modern Resonance Edited
by Jon Stewart and Nathaniel Kramer Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press 2020 (Danish
Golden Age Studies, vol. 12) The
historical circumstances of the
Danish Golden Age are well known: the Napoleonic Wars,
the bombardment of
Copenhagen, the state bankruptcy in 1814 with the
ensuing financial crisis, the
Revolution of 1848, and the establishment of a
parliamentary democracy in 1849.
There were peasant reforms, religious upheavals, and
changes in class and
social structures. These events constituted the milieu
in which the Golden Age
was born and developed. The guiding idea of the present
volume is that these
different crises served not just as a backdrop or as
obstacles but rather as
catalysts for the flowering of culture in the Golden
Age. Despite
their
many debates and polemics among themselves, the leading
figures of Golden Age Denmark were generally in agreement
about the fact that their age was in a state of crisis.
The dramatic events spilled over into the various cultural
spheres and shaped them in different ways. The articles in
this volume trace the different crises as they appear in
literature, criticism, religion, philosophy, politics and
the social sciences. The contributing authors draw
compelling parallels between the perceived crisis of the
Golden Age and the acute issues of our own day. The
articles collected here thus together show the continuing
relevance of the Golden Age for readers of the
twenty-first century. ________________________
Faust, Romantic Irony, and System:  German Culture in the Thought of Søren Kierkegaard
Copenhagen:
Museum
Tusculanum Press 2019 (Danish Golden Age Studies, vol. 11)
Kierkegaard readers are familiar with his dogged polemic with Hegelianism, his critique of Friedrich von Schlegel’s Romantic irony, and his visit to Schelling’s lectures in Berlin. However, these are only a few well-known examples of a much deeper relation of influence and inspiration. Kierkegaard read German fluently and was interested in many different authors and thinkers from the German-speaking countries. The auction catalogue of his personal library reveals a wealth of works in German from a number of different fields. Given his famous criticisms of the Hegelians, Schlegel, and Schelling, one might be tempted to believe that Kierkegaard was anti-German. But this is clearly not the case since he had high praise for some German thinkers such as Hamann, Lessing and Trendelenburg. The present work is dedicated to an exploration of Kierkegaard’s relation to different aspects of Germanophone culture. Its goal is to gain a better appreciation of the importance of the various German sources for his thought. The points of contact are so numerous that it can truly be said that if it were not for the influence of German culture, Kierkegaard would not have been Kierkegaard and the Danish Golden Age would not have been the Golden Age.
"This text leaves the reader with an entirely new perspective on Kierkegaard. Of course, Kierkegaard readers knew that the Dane was in dialogue with Hegel and that he occasionally refers to German theologians or literary figures, but the vast scope of this usage has gone unnoticed. Stewart demonstrates beyond a doubt that virtually all of Kierkegaard’s writings and indeed his academic agenda itself were in some way shaped by German thought. Indeed, Kierkegaard would never have been the thinker that he was without his interaction with the German intellectual tradition. This is an exciting new perspective that breaks with traditional wisdom....Jon Stewart’s new book Faust, Romantic Irony, and System: German Culture in the Thought of Søren Kierkegaard is of a very high academic standard, and it contributes in many respects new insights and promising perspectives to research in the field. The work will be highly relevant not only for researchers and scholars but for the general reader too." István Czakó, Pázmány Péter Catholic University "The Scandinavian countries have long been receptive to cultural currents flowing northward from the south. This has been especially the case as concerns Denmark in its relation to German culture, and this influx of ideas was particularly intense during the Danish Golden Age. Stewart’s manuscript covers a broad swath of these influences in exploring Kierkegaard’s entanglement in various aspects of Germanophone culture. Stewart’s work intends to cultivate greater appreciation of the significance of these sources for Kierkegaard’s creative work. Therefore, source work research is the functioning methodology that has allowed Stewart to identify the nature, scope, and extent of effects streaming from particular authors, writings, topics, and issues to shape Kierkegaard’s deliberations. ________________________
Hegel’s
Interpretation of the Religions of the World: In his Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, Hegel treats the religions of the world under the rubric “the determinate religion.” This is a part of his corpus that has traditionally been neglected since scholars have struggled to understand what philosophical work it is supposed to do. The present study argues that Hegel’s rich analyses of Buddhism, Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Egyptian and Greek polytheism, and the Roman religion are not simply irrelevant historical material, as is often thought. Instead, they play a central role in Hegel’s argument for what he regards as the truth of Christianity. Hegel believes that the different conceptions of the gods in the world religions are reflections of individual peoples at specific periods in history. These conceptions might at first glance appear random and chaotic, but there is, Hegel claims, a discernible logic in them. Simultaneously a theory of mythology, history and philosophical anthropology, Hegel’s account of the world religions goes far beyond the field of philosophy of religion. The controversial issues surrounding his treatment of the nonEuropean religions are still very much with us today and make his account of religion an issue of continued topicality in the academic landscape of the 21st century.
"Hegel's
Interpretation of the Religions of the World is a
thorough study of a neglected aspect of Georg Wilhelm
Friedrich Hegel’s philosophy of religion: the role of
history in Hegel’s overall philosophical construction.
. . . Stewart’s book must be regarded as an
extremely valuable piece of scholarship for both
philosophers of religion and—more importantly—scholars of
religion." Nickolas P. Roubekas, Reading Religion ________________________
Sibbern’s Remarks and Investigations Primarily
Concerning
trans.
by Jon Stewart, Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press 2018
One of Denmark’s
greatest philosophers during its greatest philosophical
period, Frederik Christian Sibbern (1785-1872) was a major
figure on the landscape of the Danish Golden Age.
Profoundly influenced by German philosophy, he was
personally acquainted with figures such as Fichte,
Schleiermacher, Goethe and Schelling. Sibbern had long
been interested in the philosophy of G.W.F. Hegel but had
never written any extended analysis of it.
Annual Book Prize of the Slovak Academy of Sciences June
23, 2020
_______________________
Honorary
title of Private Professor Awarded from May
25, 2020
_______________________
Annual
Book Prize of July
2, 2019 The book Hegel’s Interpretation of the Religions of the World: The Logic of the Gods (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2018) was awarded the annual book prize of the Slovak Academy of Sciences under the category "Scientific Monographs in a Recognized Publishing House."
_______________________
New Homepages Launched for the Series, Texts from Golden Age Denmark and Danish Golden Age Studies See the new homepage for the series Texts from Golden Age Denmark here. See the new homepage for the series Danish Golden Age Studies here.
_______________________
New
Chinese
translation of Søren
Kierkegaard:
Subjectivity,
Irony and the Crisis of Modernity:
中 译本面世后，将引领中国读者窥探索伦·克尔凯郭尔的思想以及他与现时代的关联。本书的蓝本是同名在线课程的字幕，大家可以 在Coursera平 台免费观看：https://www.coursera.org/learn/kierkegaard. 这 部精益求精的中译本，将引领参与这门课程的中国学生更有效地学习这门课程。同时，这本书新增了阎嘉教授写的一篇序言，他曾经 翻译过克尔凯郭尔的名作《或此 或彼》；译者在译后记中提及了访学丹麦时的相关经历；去年，在葡萄牙语译本出版之际，巴西的《浮士德》杂志专访了我，这篇采 访稿将作为中译本的附录呈现在 中国读者面前。 大 陆读者如需译者签售版，请加微信：vindrue _______________________
The
Completion of Kierkegaard
Research:
Sources, Reception and Resources Read more about the project and the individual volumes ________________________
It
is
often claimed that relativism, subjectivism and nihilism
are typically modern philosophical problems that emerge
with the breakdown of traditional values, customs and ways
of life. The result is the absence of meaning, the lapse
of religious faith, and feeling of alienation that is so
widespread in modernity. https://www.coursera.org/course/kierkegaard
Reflections on Authority or the Lack thereof
Department
of Philosophy, Faculty of Arts, Matej Bel University
Platform:
MS Teams. We kindly ask everybody who is interested to
participate to register
Abstract:
Teaching is a social event, and the classroom is a part of a wider society. What takes place in the teaching context is thus invariably a reflection of the wider society. In this paper I wish to make some reflections based on several years of teaching philosophy in many different countries. I will explore how the social context of a given country influences the nature of the pedagogical approach and techniques used. My claim is that basic social structures concerning authority find their way into the classroom in ways that are not always conducive to the learning process. Read more
“Recognition
and Religion: Hegel’s Account of the Shapes of the Gods”
_______________________ Visiting
Lectureship: “Alienation
in
19th-Century Philosophy: Hegel, Feuerbach, Marx, and
Nietzsche” _______________________ Visiting
Lectureship: “Hegel’s
Account of Subjectivity in the World Religions”
“Reading
Hegel: Subjectivity and Alienation in Judaism and
Christianity” _______________________
“The
Discovery of Subjectivity as Reflected in Early
Notions of the Afterlife” Institute
of Philosophy and Sociology _______________________
“Hegel’s
Account of Christianity and Religious Alienation”
Pedagogical
University, Crakow June
24, 2019
_______________________
“Feuerbach’s
Conception of Philosophy of Religion as
Anthropology” Conference:
“Memory and Anticipation as Anthropological Phenomena” _______________________
“Hegel’s Theory of Mythology” Faculty of Central European Studies Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra Slovakia, December 3, 2018 _______________________
“Hegel’s Account of the Representations of the Gods in his Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion” Conference: “Image, Phenomenon, and Imagination in the Phenomenology of Religious Experience” The Society for Phenomenology of Religious Experience (SOPHERE), Biennial Congress Prague, November 2-4, 2018 _______________________
“Hegel’s Parallel Story of the Development of World History and the Development of the Religions of the World” Internationaler Kongress: "Ethik, Politik und Weltgeschichte” L’Università di Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy 24-27, October, 2018
_______________________
“Hegel,
Comparative Religion and Religious Pluralism” Conference of the European Society for Philosophy of Religion: "Philosophy of Religion in a Pluralistic World" Faculty
of Social Sciences, Charles University August 28-31, 2018 https://cspf.ff.cuni.cz/en/espr-conference _______________________
“Hegel’s
Philosophical
Anthropology as a Reflection of the Philosophy of
Religion” Journées
philosophiques de Bratislava, “l’Historicité de l'homme?” Modra-Harmonia, Slovakia May 25-26, 2018 _______________________
“La
théorie de la liberté subjective et la modernité de Hegel” Conference
: “Homme nouveau, homme ancien: autour de figures émergentes
et disparaissantes de l’humain” Banská Štiavnica, Slovakia, July 1-6, 2018 _______________________
“Kierkegaard’s
Description
of the Romantic Ironist as a Sign of the Times Then and
Now” Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary Budapest,
Tárogató út 2-4. classroom 121/B April 26, 2018, 2:15 to 3:45 p.m. Read more________________________
"Hegel’s Theory of the Emergence of Subjectivity and the Development of Human Rights" Workshop: “The Image of Man in the Context of Anthropology and Human Rights” Institute of Philosophy, Slovak Academy of Sciences Klemensova 19, 813 64 Bratislava April 9, 2018 The workshop takes place between 1:30 p.m. and 5 p.m.
________________________
Interview
The
book Søren Kierkegaard: Subjectivity, Irony, and the
Crisis of Modernity (Oxford: Oxford University
Press 2015) has recently appeared in a Portuguese
translation. See
the interview with Jon Stewart in the Brazilian journal Fausto
Mag. on occasion of the translation. (December
2017.) Read
the interview in Portuguese Soren
Kierkegaard: Subjetividade,
ironia
e a crise da modernidade, ________________________
________________________
“Hegel’s
Theory of Recognition and Subjective Freedom and the
Ethical Challenges ________________________
“The
Crisis
of the Danish Golden Age and its Modern Resonance”
________________________
Special
Session
for the Conference
for the Society for the Advancement of Scandinavian
Studies (SASS) May
11-13,
2017, Minneapolis
Despite
their
many interesting debates and polemics, the leading figures
of Golden Age Denmark were in agreement about the fact that
their age was in a state of crisis. They believed that the
quick pace of change since the Enlightenment had led to a
sense of alienation from traditional values and ways of
thinking. This produced uncertainty that resulted in
different forms of relativism, subjectivism and nihilism. The
poet-philosopher,
Johan Ludvig Heiberg, dramatically announced the great
cultural crisis of the day in his treatise On
the Significance of Philosophy for the Present Age
from 1833. According to Heiberg, people in his generation
had lost their belief in truth and beauty in any deeper
sense. Likewise, in 1837 the classicist and philosopher,
Poul Martin Møller followed this line of thinking in his
influential article “Thoughts on the Possibility of Proofs
of Human Immortality,” in which he claims that modern
scientific and naturalistic thinking has undermined the
traditional belief in the immortality of the soul. In this
context he too explores the movement of nihilism that he
believes characterizes the age. In 1842 the theologian Hans
Lassen Martensen published an article entitled “The Present
Religious Crisis,” where he argues that much of the
uncertainty in religion is the result of the work of, among
others, the German theologian David Friedrich Strauss, who
argued that Christianity was a form of myth. The philosopher
Søren Kierkegaard treated the idea of a cultural and
religious crisis in a number of his famous works, such as The
Concept of Irony, Either/Or, A
Literary Review of Two Ages, and The
Moment. Many
of
the texts from the Golden Age strike the reader as
profoundly modern since they seem to anticipate key
characteristics of the crisis of the 21st century. In
keeping with the conference theme—Nordic Connections: Old
and New—we invite papers focused on the Danish Golden Age
and its philosophical, literary and artistic heritage that
explore the theme of crisis and examine the resemblances
between the perils and crises of the Danish Golden Age and
those of our own. Read
more on the homepage of SASS. ________________________
European
Cultural
Studies, Comparative Literature, Master of Arts in
Comparative Humanities (MACH), and
the
undergraduate Humanities Fellows Brandeis
University,
DuBois Lounge (Rabb Graduate Center, Rm. 119) March 30, 2017, 4pm ________________________ “Hegel’s Use of Recognition and Subjective Freedom in His Interpretation of the Religions of the World” The
Philosophy
Department and the Institute of Liberal Arts Boston
College, Higgins Hall 225 Tuesday, January 31, 2017 ________________________ “Hegel’s
Interpretation
of the Greek Religion as a Religion of Spirit”
________________________
“The
Determinate
Religions: Hegel's Interpretation of the Religions of the
World”
________________________
“The
Religion
of the Sublime: Hegel’s Controversial Account of
Judaism” ________________________ “The Determinate Religions: Hegel's Interpretation of the Religions of the World” Philosophy Department, Boston University November 4, 2016. Read more
________________________
“The
Crisis
of Religion and the Logic of the Gods: Hegel’s
Interpretation of the Religions of the World” Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University October 19, 2016.  Read more ________________________
Keynote
Speech: “Humanities
Education in a Globalized World and Our Modern
Prejudices” at
the conference “Classical Education in the 21st Century:
Challenges, Continuity, and Change”
Thales Academy, Rolesville, North Carolina October 7, 2016. Read moreSee the video of the lecture ________________________
The Conference, “The Registers of Philosophy II,” Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary, May 14, 2016.  Read the article http://www.phil-inst.hu/hu/esemenyek/esemenyek/635-the-registers-of-philosophy-ii
Description
of
the conference: Jon
Stewart has recently argued in his book
The Unity of Content and Form in Philosophical Writing
(2013) that the style of contemporary philosophy –
particularly in its Anglo-American version – is extremely
impoverished. This homogeneity, according to Stewart, has
its roots in the scientific model of philosophy and
philosophical writing, in the philosophy of language that
was popular in the beginning of the last century and in
the fact that during the professionalization of philosophy
a particular mode of writing proved to be the most useful
one. Noting the deep similarities of current philosophical
pieces would of course not cause any surprise – but
Stewart went on to argue that this kind of uniformity in
philosophical writing causes much harm to philosophy
itself. The standardization not only causes some thoughts
to be only ineffectively expressible in philosophy, but
shifts the attention of courses both at undergraduate and
graduate level to the regular type of philosophical texts.
Irregular genres or styles are left out from the
curriculum at many places, their own characteristics and
the messages encoded in philosophical styles do not gain
attention. ‘By insisting on a single form of writing –
Stewart emphasized –, professional philosophy implicitly
imposes a certain notion about how to read philosophy.’
The ability to read some classics is fading away. And
works falling outside of the scope of the writing which
people are now accustomed to are deemed to be
unphilosophical, lacking rigor and therefore
uninteresting. Nevertheless
one
might argue that even nowadays various philosophical
genres and styles are flourishing, and not only in
continental philosophy. Philosophical novels and poems are
being published, philosophy is present in theatres and
cinemas, not to mention the different web pages that are
dedicated to philosophical topics. Even analytic writings
do not always use the same style. Furthermore, as Keith
Allen noted in his review of The
Unity
of Content and Form in Philosophical Writing,
‘Stewart’s selection of case studies to illustrate the
diversity of forms that philosophical writing can take
raises interesting questions about when it is appropriate
to describe a work as a work of philosophy.’ Now how uniform really is today’s philosophy? Is the homogeneity of styles dangerous for philosophy itself? What are the themes that only fit well with some genres or styles? What is the exact connection between content and form? Should philosophers pay attention to genres practiced outside of academia? The aim of our series of conferences is to investigate these questions and more. We would like to look at the problems of content and form in philosophy both from historical and contemporary perspectives, from the viewpoint of analytic and continental philosophy as well as from the standpoint of styles that fall outside the scope of academic philosophy. Stewart claimed that questions of form, genre and style should be entertained not only at the literature departments but by professional philosophers too. As he argued: ‘To read philosophical texts as literature is to miss the specifically philosophical meaning that they contain.’ We would like to give a joint occasion for both of these disciplines to discuss the problems introduced above. Like Stewart, we would like to bring philosophers to the edges of conformity, to explore the various forms and the diverse ways of not only writing, reading and interpreting philosophy but teaching, discussing, presenting, popularizing or doing it.
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